In 1989, the oil and automotive industries and the National Association of Manufacturers created the Global Climate Coalition (GCC) to oppose mandatory actions to address global warming. In 1997, when the Senate overwhelmingly passed a resolution against ratifying the Kyoto Protocol, the industry funded a $13 million industry advertising blitz in the run-up to the vote.
In 1998 the New York Times published an American Petroleum Institute (API) memo outlining a strategy aiming to make "recognition of uncertainty ... part of the 'conventional wisdom.'" The memo has been compared to a late 1960s memo by tobacco company Brown and Williamson, which observed: "Doubt is our product since it is the best means of competing with the ‘body of fact' that exists in the mind of the general public. It is also the means of establishing a controversy." Those involved in the memo included Jeffrey Salmon, then executive director of the George C. Marshall Institute, Steven Milloy, a prominent skeptic commentator, and the Competitive Enterprise Institute's Myron Ebell. In June 2005 a former API lawyer, Philip Cooney, resigned his White House post after accusations of politically-motivated tampering with scientific reports.
In 2002 the GCC considered its work in the US against regulation on global warming to have been so successful that it "deactivated" itself, although the loss of some leading members may also have been a factor.
1) What is the purpose of forming Global Climate Coalition?
a) It is supposed to contest mandatory actions to deal with Global Warming.
b) It is supposed to support mandatory actions to enhance global warming.
c) It is supposed to be supporter of Global Warming.
d) It is supposed to enhance Global Warming.
2) What does the word “Overwhelmingly” mean?
a) Extremely large
b) Controversial
c) Ideal
d) Convincingly
3) “It” in line 8 refers to…
a) Memo
b) American Petroleum Institute
c) Tobacco company Brown and Williamson
d) Doubt
4) Why did Phillip Coney resign his White House post in June 2005?
a) Because he was so disappointed with tobacco company Brown and Williamson
b) Because of allegation of politically-motivated damaging with scientific reports
c) Because he has involved several prominent people
d) Because he is bored with working as a lawyer
5) Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a) The senate significantly passed a resolution against ratifying the Kyoto Protocol in 1997.
b) Doubt seemingly has been means of establishing controversy by tobacco company Brown and Williamson.
c) The New York Times published an American Petroleum Institute in 1997.
d) In 2002, The GCC thought if its work in the US against regulation on Global Warming to have been so worth successful.
Synonym
146. As long as I know, those kids are raised by their grandparents.
a. Forsaken
b. Left
c. Nurtured
d. Asserted
147. Yesterday, two men demanded Mia’s car with menace.
a. Happiness
b. Sadness
c. Graciousness
d. Threat
148. Bimo has reminded Nita to be careful, but she hardly heeds it.
a. Returns
b. Review
c. Recovers
d. Regards
149. Two major points were finally declared in the conference, but some of the participants deplored those unexpected decisions.
a. Liked
b. Distrusted
c. Regretted
d. Supported
